What is CBG? The Complete Guide to Cannabigerol in 2025

Cannabigerol (CBG) is rapidly emerging as one of the most promising cannabinoids in cannabis research. Often called "the mother of all cannabinoids," CBG is gaining attention from researchers and wellness enthusiasts alike. But what exactly is CBG, and why is everyone talking about it?

In this guide, we'll explore everything you need to know about CBG, from its unique properties and potential health benefits to the groundbreaking 2024 research findings that are changing how we understand this remarkable compound.

Key Takeaways

• CBG is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid called "the mother of all cannabinoids"

• A 2024 clinical trial found 20 mg of CBG significantly reduced anxiety without side effects

• CBG shows powerful antibacterial activity against drug-resistant MRSA

• Research suggests benefits for pain, inflammation, IBD, and neurological conditions

• CBG is generally safe with minimal side effects

• Start with 5-10 mg daily and increase gradually as needed

• Choose quality products with third-party lab testing

• Consult healthcare providers before use, especially with medications

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What is CBG (Cannabigerol)?

CBG is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found naturally in cannabis and hemp plants. Unlike THC, which produces the characteristic "high" associated with cannabis use, CBG does not cause intoxication. This makes it an attractive option for people seeking therapeutic benefits without mind-altering effects.

First isolated in 1964 alongside THC, CBG remained relatively obscure for decades. However, recent research has revealed that this minor cannabinoid may offer unique therapeutic potential that sets it apart from its more famous cousins, CBD and THC.

The "Mother of All Cannabinoids"

CBG has earned its nickname because its acidic precursor, cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), serves as the parent molecule for other major cannabinoids. As cannabis plants mature, CBGA transforms into THC, CBD, and CBC through a process called decarboxylation.

This explains why CBG is typically found in very low concentrations in mature cannabis plants—usually only about 1% of the plant material. However, breeders are now developing specialized hemp strains that contain up to 10% CBG while maintaining less than 0.3% THC, making them federally legal under the 2018 Farm Bill.

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabigerol | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11597810/

How Does CBG Work in the Body?

CBG exerts its effects through multiple pathways in the human body, making it pharmacologically unique among cannabinoids. While it interacts with the endocannabinoid system, CBG's most powerful effects come from its interaction with non-cannabinoid receptors.

Cannabinoid Receptors: CBG binds weakly to CB1 and CB2 receptors, explaining why it doesn't produce psychoactive effects and may even counteract some effects of THC.

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptors: CBG is the only known cannabinoid that activates these receptors with high potency. This interaction contributes to its anxiety-reducing and relaxation effects.

Serotonin Receptors: By acting as an antagonist of 5-HT1A receptors, CBG may help regulate mood and reduce anxiety through a different pathway than traditional antidepressants.

TRP Channels: CBG interacts with multiple pain and inflammation receptors, potentially contributing to its analgesic effects.

These diverse interactions suggest that CBG works through multiple complementary mechanisms, which could explain its broad therapeutic potential.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33168643/

CBG vs CBD vs THC: What's the Difference?

Understanding how CBG compares to other cannabinoids helps clarify its unique position.

CBG vs CBD: Both are non-psychoactive and share anti-inflammatory properties. However, CBD is a major cannabinoid (10-20% in plants) with extensive research backing, while CBG is a minor cannabinoid (~1% in plants) with growing research. CBG has unique interactions with adrenergic and serotonin receptors that CBD doesn't share, potentially making it more effective for specific conditions like neurological disorders and bacterial infections.

CBG vs THC: While CBG is the biosynthetic precursor to THC, it produces no intoxication or cognitive impairment. A 2024 study found that CBG actually enhanced memory recall—the opposite of THC's well-known memory-impairing effects. CBG's weak binding to CB1 receptors can counteract some of THC's psychoactive effects.

Source: https://www.choosingtherapy.com/cbg/

Proven Health Benefits: What Does the Research Say?

Anxiety and Stress Reduction: The 2024 Breakthrough

In July 2024, researchers at Washington State University published the first human clinical trial examining CBG's effects on anxiety in Scientific Reports. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 34 participants revealed remarkable findings:

• 20 mg of hemp-derived CBG significantly reduced anxiety at 20, 45, and 60 minutes after ingestion

• Stress levels decreased compared to placebo

• No intoxication, cognitive impairments, or motor issues occurred

• Memory recall actually improved

• Minimal side effects were reported

Previous survey research aligns with these findings: 51% of CBG users consume it for anxiety relief, with 78% reporting it works better than conventional anxiety medications.

Sources: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-66879-0 | https://news.wsu.edu/press-release/2024/07/31/cannabinoid-cbg-reduces-anxiety-and-stress-in-first-human-clinical-trial/

Powerful Antibacterial Properties

One of CBG's most promising applications comes from its potent antibacterial activity. In 2020, researchers at McMaster University discovered that CBG is highly effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)—one of the most dangerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

The research revealed that CBG:

• Prevented MRSA from forming protective biofilms

• Destroyed pre-existing biofilms

• Eliminated antibiotic-resistant "persister" cells within 30 minutes

• Performed as well as vancomycin (a powerful antibiotic) in infected mice

With no new antibiotic classes discovered in over 30 years, CBG represents a promising lead for future drug development.

Sources: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00419 | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200226130527.htm

Pain and Inflammation Management

Multiple studies and user surveys indicate CBG's effectiveness for pain relief. Research shows that 73.9% of users reported CBG worked better than prescription pain medications for chronic pain. CBG reduces pain through inflammation reduction, modulation of pain receptors, and effects on voltage-gated sodium channels that transmit pain signals.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

CBG shows particular promise for digestive conditions. By binding with CB2 receptors in the digestive tract, CBG reduces inflammation that characterizes conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Research indicates 15-40% of people with IBD use CBG to reduce pain and increase appetite.

Neuroprotective Effects

Preclinical studies demonstrate CBG's potential for neurological conditions:

• Huntington's Disease: Mouse studies show CBG protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress

• Parkinson's Disease: Neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons

• Multiple Sclerosis: Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects

• Alzheimer's Disease: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties

Other Potential Benefits

Research suggests CBG may also help with glaucoma (by reducing intraocular pressure), bladder dysfunction, sleep issues, metabolic syndrome, and potentially certain cancers (though cancer research is very preliminary).

Source: https://usamedical.com/en/cbg-treatment/

How to Use CBG: Forms and Dosing

CBG is available in several forms:

CBG Oil/Tinctures: The most popular option, offering precise dosing and fast absorption when taken sublingually (under the tongue). Effects begin within 15-45 minutes.

Capsules/Softgels: Convenient and tasteless, though slower to take effect (45-90 minutes).

Edibles: Gummies and other infused foods provide the longest-lasting effects (4-6 hours) but take 1-2 hours to kick in.

Flower (Smokable/Vapable): Offers the fastest onset (2-5 minutes). Vaporization is recommended over smoking.

Topicals: Creams and balms for localized relief without systemic effects.

Dosing Guidelines

While official dosing guidelines don't exist, current research suggests:

• Starting Dose: 5 -10 mg per day

• Therapeutic Dose: 20 mg (effective for anxiety in the 2024 study)

• Higher Dose: 30 - 50 mg daily for more severe conditions

Start low and increase gradually while monitoring effects. Taking CBG with fatty foods can improve absorption.

What to Expect

Most users describe CBG's effects as subtle: calm focus without sedation, reduced anxiety without impairment, mental clarity, and no "high" or intoxication. Effects vary by individual, and some people may need consistent use to notice benefits.

Safety and Side Effects

CBG appears to be generally safe based on current research. The 2024 clinical trial reported minimal side effects at 20 mg doses.

Common Side Effects (Typically Mild)

User surveys report occasional dry mouth (16.5%), dry eyes (9%), sleepiness (15%), increased appetite (12%), and rarely dizziness.

Important Considerations

Cardiovascular Effects: CBG may cause decreased heart rate and blood pressure in some individuals. Those with cardiovascular conditions should consult a physician before use.

Drug Interactions: CBG may interact with blood pressure medications, sedatives, and antidepressants. Always inform your healthcare provider about CBG use.

Special Populations: Pregnant or nursing women should avoid CBG due to insufficient safety data. Use in children should only occur under medical supervision.

Quality Matters: Only purchase CBG products from reputable sources with third-party lab testing to ensure purity and accurate labeling.

Source: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1602/cannabigerol-cbg

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The Future of CBG

CBG research is experiencing rapid expansion. Washington State University researchers are planning new studies with larger populations, and multiple institutions worldwide are exploring CBG's potential for antibiotic development and neurological disorders.

As cultivation techniques improve and market competition increases, CBG prices—currently 5-10 times higher than CBD—are expected to decrease significantly. More clinical trials are underway, and the first pharmaceutical CBG products could reach the market within the next 5-10 years.

The legal status of hemp-derived CBG under the 2018 Farm Bill has opened doors for research that was previously restricted, accelerating our understanding of this promising cannabinoid.

Final Thoughts

CBG represents an exciting frontier in cannabinoid therapeutics. With its non-psychoactive nature, unique pharmacological profile, and growing body of research, CBG shows promise for anxiety reduction, antibacterial applications, pain management, and neurological protection.

The groundbreaking 2024 anxiety study marks a turning point in CBG research, providing the first solid clinical evidence of its benefits in humans. While more research is needed, current evidence suggests it's a safe and promising option for those seeking natural wellness solutions.

As always, consult with a healthcare provider before adding CBG to your wellness routine, especially if you have medical conditions or take prescription medications.

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References

1. Cuttler C, et al. "Acute effects of cannabigerol on anxiety, stress, and mood." Scientific Reports, 2024. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-66879-0

2. Washington State University. "Cannabinoid CBG reduces anxiety and stress in first human clinical trial." https://news.wsu.edu/press-release/2024/07/31/cannabinoid-cbg-reduces-anxiety-and-stress-in-first-human-clinical-trial/

3. Farha MA, et al. "Uncovering the Hidden Antibiotic Potential of Cannabis." ACS Infectious Diseases, 2020. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00419

4. Zhang Y, et al. "Cannabigerol: A Comprehensive Review." Molecules, 2024. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11597810/

5. Nachnani R, et al. "The Pharmacological Case for Cannabigerol." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33168643/

6. Wikipedia. "Cannabigerol." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabigerol

7. ScienceDaily. "Cannabis compound acts as an antibiotic." https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200226130527.htm

8. USA Medical. "CBG treatment: Studies and benefits." https://usamedical.com/en/cbg-treatment/

9. ChoosingTherapy. "Cannabigerol (CBG): What It Is, Uses, Risks, & Benefits." https://www.choosingtherapy.com/cbg/

10. WebMD. "Cannabigerol (CBG): Overview, Uses, Side Effects." https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1602/cannabigerol-cbg

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. CBG is not FDA-approved for the treatment of any medical condition. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before using CBG or any supplement.